GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) injections are a group of weight loss medications that have become extremely popular. If you are currently taking a medication such as semaglutide (Wegovy), liraglutide (Saxenda) and terzepatide (Zepbound), or if you are considering taking one, you may be wondering what the common side effects may be. Here we will explore the most common side effects experienced by GLP-1 users and some measures that can be taken to reduce their severity and occurrence.
Impact on your gastrointestinal system
By far, the most common side effects of GLP-1 medications have to do with the GI (gastrointestinal) system – nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, and constipation. This is mostly because part of the way the medications work is by targeting the GI tract and delaying the stomach emptying to help feel fuller longer. Therefore, such GI side effects are not surprising. Other less common side effects include dizziness, headaches, hair loss, increased heart rate, and tiredness. In this article, we will focus on the GI-related side effects. The good news is that there are things you can do to help reduce the severity and occurrence of GI side effects while taking GLP-1 medication.
Tips for decreasing GI side effects
- Eat slowly
- Do not overeat
- Stay hydrated
- Eat smaller portions/meals
- Avoid rigorous physical activity immediately following meals
- Avoid sugary, fatty/greasy, and spicy foods.
- Prioritize lean protein, fruits, and vegetables, as well as whole grain foods.
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Here is what you can do if you experience any of these GI side effects while taking a GLP-1.
Nausea
Try drinking mint or ginger tea or chewing on mint gum. Make sure to avoid strong smells and try eating crackers to help settle your stomach.
Vomiting
Make sure to stay hydrated by taking frequent sips of water or even a ginger or mint beverage. Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
Diarrhea
Once again, make sure to stay hydrated. Avoid trigger foods, including dairy, high-fiber foods and spicy foods until symptoms subside.
Constipation
Increase fluid intake and eat more fiber.
More serious side effects
While not common, sometimes taking a GLP-1 medication can lead to more severe side effects and complications such as pancreatitis and bowel obstruction and ileus. Talk to your doctor or seek medication attention right away if you experience any of the following:
- Severe abdominal pain, tenderness, or cramping
- Severe nausea and vomiting
- You are unable to pass gas or move your bowels.
For more information, check out our related article, “Strength Training Recommendations for Weight Loss Medication and GLP-1 Injection Users”